Firefighting foam, specifically AFFF (aqueous film-forming foam), is necessary for firefighters to quickly and effectively extinguish fires. However, its use has been brought into question due to its potential impact on the environment and associated health risks for humans.
Firefighters who are exposed to PFAS chemicals present in AFFF have been found to have elevated levels of PFOA, leading to a higher risk of prostate cancer compared to the general population, as stated by the National Cancer Institute.
Consequently, many victims have filed the Firefighting Foam Lawsuit, and as of February 17, 2023, there were 3,704 active cases pending.
Recently, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) was accused by the International Association of Firefighters (IAF) of mandating a testing standard that effectively necessitates the use of PFAS in protective gear worn by firefighters, as reported by TorHoerman Law, LLC. This has sparked further debate on the use of PFAS in firefighting and the potential risks associated with it.
In this article, we will explore the environmental impact of AFFF foam, including its chemical composition, its effects on the environment, and potential consequences for human health.
What Is AFFF Fire Fighting Foam?
AFFF is a type of fire-fighting foam that is used to suppress and extinguish fires involving flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and jet fuel. It is made up of a mixture of water, a fluorosurfactant, and a polymer.
The fluorosurfactant in AFFF is a type of chemical that helps the foam to spread quickly over the surface of the liquid, forming a film that prevents the fuel from igniting. The polymer in AFFF helps to create a stable foam blanket that covers the fuel and extinguishes the fire.
The Environmental Impact of AFFF Fire Fighting Foam
AFFF has been linked to a number of environmental issues. When AFFF is used, the foam can spread to nearby water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater. The chemicals in the foam can then contaminate these water sources, leading to potential environmental problems.
Contamination of Water Sources
The fluorosurfactant in AFFF is classified as a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), a type of chemical known for its persistence in the environment and ability to accumulate in the bodies of plants, animals, and humans. When AFFF is used, PFAS can be released into the environment and contaminate water sources. This is particularly problematic as PFAS do not degrade easily and can persist in the environment for a prolonged period of time.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the number of U.S. communities affected by PFAS contamination continues to increase at an alarming rate. As of June 2022, 2,858 locations in 50 states and two territories have been confirmed to be contaminated with these highly toxic fluorinated compounds.
The contamination of water sources by AFFF can lead to a range of environmental problems. For example, it can harm aquatic ecosystems and affect the health of fish and other aquatic organisms. It can also affect the quality of drinking water and potentially harm human health.
This underscores the urgent need to address the environmental impact of PFAS and reevaluate the use of AFFF, as well as the potential health risks associated with exposure to these persistent chemicals.
Soil Contamination
In addition to water contamination, AFFF can also contaminate the soil. When AFFF is used, the foam can soak into the ground and contaminate soil, potentially leading to environmental problems.
The chemicals in AFFF can remain in the soil for years, making it difficult to clean up contaminated areas. This can lead to long-term environmental damage and potential health risks for humans and animals.
Potential Health Risks
The chemicals in AFFF have been linked to a range of potential health risks. Exposure to PFAS has been associated with increased risks of cancer, hormonal disruptions, immune system problems, and other health issues.
While the exact health risks associated with exposure to AFFF are still being studied, there is growing concern about the potential impact of these chemicals on human health. As a result, many organizations are calling for greater regulation of AFFF and other firefighting foams to protect human health and the environment.
Conclusion
While firefighting foam has been a crucial tool for firefighters for many years, its use has been called into question due to the potential environmental impact of its chemicals. AFFF has been found to contaminate water and soil, posing potential threats to the environment and human health.
As we continue to learn more about the impact of AFFF on the environment and human health, it is vital that we take measures to minimize its use and explore alternative solutions that are less harmful. By working towards more sustainable firefighting practices, we can help to protect the environment and the health of firefighters and communities alike.
